北京市引进的4种彩叶灌木的生态效益研究

以北京市引进的4种彩叶灌木(金叶莸、金叶女贞、紫叶矮樱、紫叶小檗)为研究对象,通过测定其光合速率和蒸腾强度,估算其固碳释氧量和降温增湿量,测定滞尘量,并比较了这4种彩叶植物的生态效益。结果表明:金叶莸的生态效益最高,紫叶小檗和金叶女贞的生态效益相当,紫叶矮樱维持碳氧平衡和降温增湿效应较小,但滞尘能力较强。在园林绿化实践中,可以优先选择金叶莸作为黄色系植物,在空气粉尘污染较严重的地方则可以考虑金叶莸和紫叶矮樱。     

北京市湿地维管束植物外来种多样性与群落分布特征研究

为掌握北京地区湿地维管束植物外来种的多样性特征及群落构成和分布,采用样带和样方相结合的方法,参考相关资料,从北京市湿地植物中筛选出归化种和入侵种,分析其数量和出现频率;计算外来种的重要值,分析其群落组成;根据实地调查数据分析外来种的群落分布特征。共筛选出外来种19种,其中通奶草、豆瓣菜、野牛草等6种植物为归化种,反枝苋、小蓬草、豚草等13种植物对湿地生境、农作物或当地人畜造成危害,为入侵种;外来种中湿生或水生植物所占比例小,说明了水资源缺乏导致的湿地退化是生物入侵的重要原因之一。最后,对入侵种造成的危害及防治方法进行了论述。     

蜡梅鲜切花规范化生产技术探讨

从选地整畦、品种选择、引苗、定植、养护管理、采收等环节对蜡梅鲜切花规范化生产技术进行探讨,以期加强各地间的交流与合作、共促蜡梅产业持续健康发展。     

Inventory of aspen trees in spruce dominated stands in conserva-tion area

Background: The occurrence of aspen trees increases the conservation value of mature conifer dominated forests.Aspens typically occur as scattered individuals among major tree species, and therefore the inventory of aspens is challenging.Methods: We characterized aspen populations in a boreal nature reserve using diameter distribution, spatial pattern, and forest attributes: volume, number of aspens, number of large aspen stems and basal area median diameter. The data were collected from three separate forest stands in Koli National Park, eastern Finland. At each site, we measured breast height diameter and coordinates of each aspen. The comparison of inventory methods of aspens within the three stands was based on simulations with mapped field data. We mimicked stand level inventory by locating varying numbers of fixed area circular plots both systematically and randomly within the stands. Additionally, we also tested if the use of airborne laser scanning(ALS) data as auxiliary information would improve the accuracy of the stand level inventory by applying the probability proportional to size sampling to assist the selection of field plot locations.Results: The results showed that aspens were always clustered, and the diameter distributions indicated different stand structures in the three investigated forest stands. The reliability of the volume and number of large aspen trees varied from relative root mean square error figures above 50% with fewer sample plots(5–10) to values of25%–50% with 10 or more sample plots. Stand level inventory estimates were also able to detect spatial pattern and the shape of the diameter distribution. In addition, ALS-based auxiliary information could be useful in guiding the inventories, but caution should be used when applying the ALS-supported inventory technique.Conclusions: This study characterized European aspen populations for the purposes of monitoring and management of boreal conservation areas. Our results suggest that if the number of sample plots is adequate,i.e. 10 or more stand level inventory will provide accurate enough forest attributes estimates in conservation areas(minimum accuracy requirement of RMSE% is 20%–50%). Even for the more ecologically valuable attributes, such as diameter distribution, spatial pattern and large aspens, the estimates are acceptable for conservation purposes.     

不同生态类型小麦品种生长锥分化与温光的关系

本文研究了不同生态类型的七个小麦品种生长锥分化进程及其与温光的关系.结果表明:生长锥分化进程随品种类型而异,春性品种快于冬性品种,但差异最大的是单棱期至二棱初期.伸长期与日平均温度呈极显著的负相关,即温度越高,天数越短.此外,还发现伸长期存在着"积温效应".日照长度是影响单棱期至二棱初期长短的主要因素,所有品种单棱期至二棱初期的天数均与此期的平均日长呈显著的负相关,而冬性品种还与日平均温度呈正相关.高温长日加速二棱初期至雌雄蕊分化进程.     

几个因素对紫肉甘薯食用品质的影响

通过DPS逐步回归分析来研究鲜薯产量、薯块的干物质、花色苷、可溶性糖的含量等因素对紫肉甘薯食用品质的影响.结果表明：薯块干物质含量与食用品质中的水分、质地显著正相关,花色苷含量与食用品质中的水分、质地呈显著负相关,而鲜薯产量和可溶性糖含量与食用品质无显著相关性.质地与影响食用品质的风味、纤维、一般评价等评定指标显著正相关,而水分只与一般评价指标显著正相关.因此,主要通过对质地评定指标的作用,薯块的干物质和花色苷含量是影响紫肉甘薯食用品质的主要因素.     

玫瑰宽羽蛾研究初报

玫瑰 Rosa rugosa Thunb,妩媚多姿、芳香浓郁,是园艺上的名花佳卉,栽培历史悠久。据《西京杂记》记载,汉武帝的乐游苑中栽培玫瑰树。自古以来,人们总把它视为美好意愿知崇高希望的象征。玫瑰花瓣里含有能分泌芳香物质的油细胞,可以提取高级精油,为现代食品、化妆品和医药上不可缺少的天然香料。中国玫瑰油品味纯正,为世界公认的正宗产品,在国际市场上价格现已高过黄金,故有人又称玫瑰花为金花。     

榨菜废水的混凝处理研究

采用混凝法对榨菜废水进行了处理试验.结果表明,混凝剂投加量、混凝剂种类、搅拌速率及沉降时间等对处理效果都起着重要作用.选用CaO作混凝剂,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作助凝剂,其处理效果明显优于其他几种混凝剂.当CaO,PAM的投加量分别为700,5 mg/L,以250 r/min的速度搅拌30 min,则COD,TP,浊度的去除率分别为36.54%,52.03%和97.85%,处理成本较低,中试试验结果与小试试验参数相吻合;用CaO,PAM联合处理榨菜废水能自动调节废水pH值,节省混凝剂的用量、减轻废水的刺激性气味、提高榨菜废水的可生化性,减轻后续处理系统的负担,同时沉降形成的絮体较大,易于被回收开发成饲料或有机肥料,为榨菜废水的处理提供了依据.     

Potato glycoalkaloids: Increases and variations of ratios in aged slices over prolonged storage

Four commercial cultivars of potatoes were maintained under normal storage conditions at 44 F for 34 weeks. Except for a final 10 week interval tubers were withdrawn at 6 week intervals. After slicing, a portion of the slices was immediately analyzed for total glycoalkaloid content. The remaining slices were aged for four days in the dark at room temperature, then similarly analyzed. The total glycoalkaloid content of the aged slices increased dramatically on aging. This increase on aging of slices reached a maximum early in storage then decreased gradually over the storage period. In determining the individual glycoalkaloids, α-solanine and α-chaconine both increased in these slices, but the greatest increase was in the former. Appearing solely in the aged slices of the Kennebec variety, α-and β-solamarine appeared early in the storage period and gradually decreased over the storage period. Analyses of the unaged slices indicated that the glycoalkaloid content and composition of the potato tubers was little affected by storage. Aging of potato sprouts did not change their glycoalkaloid content.     

呼中自然保护区阔叶林群落结构及组成特点分析

研究大兴安岭呼中自然保护区阔叶林的群落结构及其组成特点,为大兴安岭绿化造林提供科学理论依据。